In 1687, the book "Mathematical beginnings of natural philosophy"
by Isaac Newton was printed out. This book has become the fundamental
scientific textbook. In the foreword to this book, Newton has written:
"All the difficulty of physics, as it will be seen, is in recognizing
forces of the nature by the phenomena of motion,
and then to explain other phenomena according to these forces".
"The First Newton's law" breaks on the spot
this well formulated logical thought.
It states:
"Any body, until it remains insulated,
saves its state of rest or rectilinear motion".
This law of motion is considered fundamental in classic physics.
However, it permanently causes critics of initial positions of mechanics.
Because in earthly conditions it is defaulted.
This law does not take into consideration influence of external forces
; it also says nothing about internal forces. The reason on which the body
is moving or rests is not clear. This law is abstract.
Newton perceived illusiveness of this law. His scientific slogan was:
"I do not invent hypotheses".
He said: "I shall not mix conjectures with reliability".
He aimed to build a building of science without hypotheses.
Therefore, he wanted to correct somehow, to change his formulation.
But all attempts were unsuccessful.
However, this law is useful and necessary to explain then accelerated motion.
For this reason, this postulate of Newton
was forced and wrongfully erected to a rank of the law.
And from a school bench the person learns this postulate
as the law (unproved supposition). Here we have the paradoxical situation.
The Bible begins with the unfounded statement
"In the Beginning there was a Word ",
and classic physics begins with the unfounded statement
" In the Beginning there was the First Newton's law ".
The science states that the origin of the World according
to the religious version is not reliable, and builds the scientific
foundations based on abstraction. As a result, both formulations
(religious and scientific) are unsatisfactory from the point of view of logic.
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Newton,s dream was realized by Planck.
let us analyze the discovery of quantum of light by Planck.
M. Planck in 1900 offered to examine the radiation emanating from
absolutely black body (Vacuum radiation of Kirchhoff /Max Laue / ),
as separate portions (quantum).
If the quantum of light will penetrate inside this absolute black body
and will not reflect back, the radiation and heat will die.
That it will not happen, the ideal black body should reflect
(radiate) this quantum of light back. Then and only then,
this initial (natural) radiation of quantum of light is characterized
by the constant of Planck -h .
The quantity of this particle, s impulse is h=1.
Under influence of this impulse the particle moves with speed c=1.
The particle has the form of a circle.
This quantity is described with a formula (h=Et) and has a title of
“the least quantum of action”,“ internal impulse of particle”, “spin”.
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Einstein realized Newton,s dream in another way
For the basic point of his argumentations, Einstein
took the constant of Boltzmann R/N = k
and coefficient (b) from the formula of radiation of Wien.
The multiplication of these two quantities gives the formula
of “ internal impulse of particle”, “spin” h = kb.
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Quantum of light is a privileged particle.
Only the speed of a light quantum in Vacuum has
a maximal, constant, absolute quantity of c=1.
No other particle can travel with the speed c = 1.
If quantum of light flies always rectilinearly c=1, it is a mad one.
Is he really mad?
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No.
Another impulse (spin) in 1925 was found by
Goudsmit-Uhlenbeck .
They came to a conclusion, that the particle should have other impulse.
Quantity of this impulse is described with a formula : ћ = h/ 2n,
forcing a particle to rotate around his diameter.
This means that it particle does not move rectilinearly,
but rotates around the diameter (has the form of a sphere).
The rotation of these particle creates electrical waves.